To address the issue of insufficient accuracy in traditional settlement prediction methods for shield tunneling undercrossing in composite strata in Hangzhou. this paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory neural network (Bi-LSTM) prediction model for high-precision dynamic prediction of ground settlement under small-sample condition... https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/org-small-lima-beans/